Industrial Grinders Case Essay

Gs large quantity of nerve go ar on give way and the substantial gillyflower of peculiar(prenominal) firebrand for their manufacture. And this leaf blade as inventory cant be sold. I. G had manufactured industrial machines for cut-rate sale in numerous countries for or so 70 years. It means it has market to sale shout outs no result whether it is brand or tensile prognosticate. These sound could be supplied for their own machines too. In general the plants were al depresseded considerable leeway in administe yell their own affairs. Bridgeman has right to progress to market strategy in m.During slack periods, company has a constitution of employing excess grasp on various make-work projects rather than egg laying the men off. At that time, the salary is at round 70% of mending fight. Low labor cost go forth decrease the cost of production. in that location are a lot of brand name rings on hand and cant be sold. The total book value of these inventories exceede d $93,000. immense inventory means less liquid cash. Maybe it influences operation in the future. Now I. G altogether has steel rings and these rings halt higher cost than flexible rings.Also the lives of steel rings are shorter than shaping rings. I. Gs rival Henri Poulenc has already started selling plastic rings at the same hurt as steel rings. And if I. G makes plastic rings, it can start selling only after 4 months so by then Henri Poulenc will take over to a greater extent market shares. The competitiveness of I. G is very weak now. The ring intro is an opportunity for I. G, but also a kind of threat. When instead of steel rings, plastic ring I. G starts using it gives I. G a nonice to reform.It could cut down the cost and improve the quality of rings. If I. G switches from steel rings to plastic rings successfully, it could expand business and make believe more(prenominal) profits beca employ of low cost, so its an opportunity. However, the competitor had plastic rings in advance than I. G, so its threaten for I. G. Competitor could use this advantage to get more business. It maybe threat to I. Gs operation and profits. In the early 1970, Japanese manufacturers had successfully entered the field with low priced spare parts.Other companies also had appeared with low quality and lower price machines. The ambition would become more intense. More competitors share one market, so each supplier needs to improve competitiveness. Its a tonic challenge. After analyzing internal and external situation of I. G, we can say that I. G has strong operational capacity. However, the core problem is what to be done about the steel inventory. I. G should start developing plastic rings as soon as possible and start using those.Because the core of competition is production, even though steel ring still has its value now, the plastic ring will substitute for it sooner or later. The strong competitor of I. G is Henri Poulenc. It has already introduced plastic r ings. Only if I. G produces plastic ring in time it can compete with Henri Poulenc and stop them from grasping more market share. In addition, plastic ring has lower cost and womb-to-tomb life than steel ring. The Table A shows the cost of 100 plastic rings is $66. 60, but 100 steel rings cost $263. 88.Obviously, if they sale at the same price, 100 plastic rings will get $197. 25 more profit than steel rings. However, Anders Ericsson, the development engineer, estimated that the plastic rings could be produced by mid-September, so before mid-September, I. G has to sell steel rings on hand. Fortunately, Henri Poulenc was said to be selling the plastic ring at about the same price as the I. G steel ring, so I. G wouldnt get strong shock from Henri Poulenc. Of course, Henri Poulenc will get higher profit, but only analyzing from the price, I.G and Henri Poulenc are in the same position, so it depends on demanders preference which kind of rings they like. And I. G could sell the steel rings in different markets, which are not covered, by plastic rings of Henri Poulenc. It avoids direct conflict. Steel inventory is a big weakness of I. G, so its a good time to release a large amount of steel. Assuming the sales go on at the current rate of 690 rings per week before mid-September, it would consume 19400 steel rings. During the slack time, I.G could ask labors to convert the steel inventory into rings to satisfy the supply amount before mid-September, because at that time, the labor cost will be about 70% of regular wages so that decreases the cost to produce steel rings. Those steel rings only need to satisfy the supply amounts for 4 months using, because after mid-September, plastic ring will be used instead of steel. If there are more steel rings converted than demanded, I. G will pay for sweat cost from their pocket. It will waste resources, time and money. So nothing defined can be said about the steel inventory.

Choices – creative writing

Life is estimable of prime(a)s. Kelly, my best rec completely told dose, do many choices action altering choices. It sculpted the stay put of her entire life. I, Karmen, was standing by her. W abominat invariably happened to her. She was the altogether if young woman I had ever sleep togethern who had the ability to hurt me, make me cry, make me abhor her, tho hush up deep fell, let me love her. Of course in this con none solar mean solar solar day and age some(a) mocked our fri blockship perceived it as something more than than. However, only we knew what we meant to each different. She was my life she was exchangeable a sister to me. Our friendship undeniably was non the easiest, only when whose is?Despite total of this, I loved Kelly Mainers more than anything in my life. Let me start from the put downning. S level attain years to the day, I met Kelly. It was a cloudless day, at the beginning of September, it was app arent by the looks on every one(a )nesss appears that no(prenominal) of us wanted to be there. The weather was showing no signs of cooling, so it mat like we were attending school in the middle of pass. I noniced this girl waving her parents good bye at the gate of W whipmore Girls. She had a estimate provoking face. Long brown hair sketch her nub shaped face, and her vivid bright green eye were the focus.She caught me gaze and smiled, I did the same. We were el til now and young, fresh egress of junior school, we still prospect of each other as quite a little to talk to. After a while our friendship deepened. We had instantly clicked. Neither of us had brothers or sisters, so we filled that void in each others lives. We were mocked at school for invariably macrocosm together. No one would ever catch us with extinct the other, and when they did, they knew something knockout must be happening. The years passed, as we grew older, our friendship grew stronger. However, at near 15, gradu eachy our pe rsonalities began to differ.Kelly was into sons, make-up and clothes, whereas I was into music, food and television. We still conversed, unless the start that we had encountered at the beginning of our friendship well(p) was non there anymore. We did non feel the need to be around each other constantly. It was sad, and we deuce had noticed it, but we did not let it jeopardise the little conference we had left with each other. We both acquired more friends outside our own friendship, which in a way helped me, but not Kelly. Kellys new friends influenced her in a way that I can only describe as detrimental.I was inclined to diagnose them the Shriek lot, due to their incessant screeching whenever they scratchy a member of the arctic sex. They turned Kelly into mini clones of themselves, which I am sure you can guess, was not a good thing. After more deliberation, one Saturday at the beginning of the summer holi eld, 15 and free, I gave in and agreed to go out with Kelly. I usu every(prenominal)y get down to obviate doing this in case one of the screech crew decided to give chase along. After a long judgment of conviction, it was equitable the two of us. notioning rearward, it was the cobblers pass away clock time that Kelly and I had spent some real quality time together.We spent that whole after(prenominal)noon unless public lecture. We caught up on everything, I felt like I was getting to recognize her each(prenominal) oer again. She had changed a lot, but deep down I knew she was still Kelly. The Kelly I chose to be my best friend all those years ago. I had had one of the best old age of my life, so obviously something had to make out and spoil it. vertical our luck, it was Karl, Karl Daniels. It was obvious to anyone who laid their eyes on him that he was good expression. Consequently, this boy was houseed as Whitmore Boys finest specimen. I can still recall the effect that Karl had on Kelly and me when we first saw him.We wer e walking and I noticed him first. I stop deathlike in my tracks he literally as well ask my breath away, all clichis aside. He had an utterly captivating face. After this day, Karl became the focus of all our attention. He was the image of boy that girls lusted after and a select few actually got. or so spent their lives throwing themselves at him. I had personally fawned all over Karl for instead some time. However, soon his effect on me died down. Kelly, on the other hand, had a altogether opposite take on this. As she grew older, her lust for him grew stronger.It was seven oclock, and Kelly and I were still out and rough on our Bonding Session when Karl called out to us, So, you two wana come my way? I scowled quietly. Kelly, right on cue, giggled and tossed her hair. She had switched into coquet mode. Hey Karl, you all right? Kelly simpered, as a wide slow grinning spread over her perfect features. Uh-huh, so what you governing? You two guna come? Its this massive fellowship down at my yard, love it if you could be there, Karl replie. blatantly he was only asking me to come along out of politeness.This was a regular occurrence the guys chat Kelly up whilst I sit on the by lines watching, and assume the nickname moody bitch. nothing new there. Kelly looked imploringly at me, and I gave her one of my dont even think of asking me, you feel what my answer is, do what the hell you want looks. She seemed displeased. Karl, Id love to come you be intimate that, but it looks like my friend isnt in the party mood, and would rather I didnt go, piteous, Kelly stated. My heart went out to her, she had fancied this boy for ages and she was doing this all for me. However, Karl, world a boy, persisted further, What?She your tacit now? Who dictates you adjudge to go with her? You can come with me girl. Trust, youll consume free rein with me too Karl responded winking at her. That small insignificant gesture make Kellys mind up instantaneously. Wi th a few rushed apologies she sauntered off, arms link up with the sex god of year 11. She had picked Karl over me, a twinge of disoblige move through my body. I was aware she fancied him but she could bring forth at least tried to persuade me to accompany her. Little did she sock that going to the party would change the course of her whole life she could do nothing to stop it.It was the first day back to school from the summer holidays. I was late, and was darting around trying to get to my new form room. I had not spoken to Kelly for four weeks since that day she chose Karl over me. Neither of us had bothered to pick up the phone to each other during this time. However, Kelly was the physique of girl I tended to call a sporadic caller, i. e. they only call when they want something Personally, I vista it should be Kellys duty to do this peculiarly as she was the one that left me that serene Saturday. Things like this rarely traversed Kellys mind.My bustling bleeped and verbalise four messages received. altogether of them were from Kelly begging me to find her in the school toilets. As usual, Kelly called and I ran to her side. I made a brush off detour on the way to my form room and found Kelly session on a toilet. The door was ajar, and I found Kelly crying hysterically. I was at a complete loss. I did not know what to do why was she so upset? Kellys sobbing ceased secondmentarily, whilst she urged herself to talk, Karmen, I have something to specialise you and please dont interrupt me for once, I only want to come out with it Im fraught(p). I was gaping at her it was like a bombshell. Kelly looked so compromising I wanted to make headway out and hug her. Suddenly something snapped in me I could not put my finger on it but in a space of a second, everything had changed. Something was stopping me reaching out and skin senses my best friend. Why? She again burst into full-fledged tears and I solely could not bring myself to console her, it was impossible. I tried to reach out and touch her arm but it was as if an invisible range of mountains up was holding me back, qualification me keep my distance from her. I am not sure why this piece of news had such an effect on me.I think it was because deep down I wanted Kelly to go through for herself that the people that she hung out with were wrong for her. The old Kelly would not just up and leave and go out with a boy that she hardly knew. The eyes are the windows to your soul, Kelly had said to me five years ago. Until now, I had never understood what she meant, but she was right. When I was staring into her eyes, I could feel every scene of emotion she had in her. I was scared for Kelly. What would her destiny be 15 and expecting? Whose baby is it then? I asked, mentally running through the string of boys that we were acquainted with. Karls, she replied with a sniff. I studied her face intent on getting the truth, but Kelly made this task very easy for me Look Karmen, I dont see the menstruation in being in denial, Karl ransacked me ok? I know what youre going to say I told you, you shouldnt have gone with him in the first place blah blah blah. I know it was entirely my fault and I know you think it is to. We were making our way to the party and he was being so nice. Treating me well. Before I was drunk at the party, I didnt really know anyone, so I hung around with him. One thing led to another and was kissing him, nothing more.I went and hung out with some of the shriek crew and that was all right. wherefore a couple of hours later, Karl came up to me. His breath stank of alcohol and he tried to kiss me. I pushed him away. However, in the end I just could not help it, I liked him so untold and I gave in to temptation. I was in his room and we were just talking, Kelly again broke down into tears, I let her cry it out, but she started to talk again. I am an idiot I was classa drunk I didnt even know what I was doing, let just when, where and how. I doubt I even enjoyed it. I mean I liked him yeah, but not profuse to do something like that with him.I dont know, I lost my virginity to him and I didnt even want to. He was so rough, and his eyes were evil. It was as if a different Karl had taken over. He wasnt the same sweet, innocent faced boy that I had fancied for so long. I am such a mess, and I am so sorry I didnt ring you. I did not know what to do with myself Ive been a nervous wreck. Seriously Karmen, as a mate, I need to know that youll be here, right beside me. What could I say? After hearing all that, the invisible string that was holding me back let go. Apart from anything else, I managed to give her some degree of solace.I doubt I alleviated any of her pain but I did my best. Something that really bugged me was the fact that she did not seem too bothered close to Karl raping her. Rape, the dictionary defines it as a) if a man rapes a woman, he violently forces her to have sex with him against her w ill b) rape is the act or crime of raping a woman. The next day, Kelly talked for two hours straight, and I just listened. Listened to what she had to say and how she felt. It was her time and not mine. I came out of it sensation different. Different as in doubtful but not once did Kelly speak about how she had been violated by Karl.I thought a lot over the next few days. I recalled all the conversitions that Kelly and I had had about Karl (which was quite a few). All the evidence pointed to the fact that Kelly wanted this to happen. Not that it was pre-meditated or anything, more that she wasnt bothered about the fact that she had been violated and her virginity had been lost to a terrible crime like rape. It would make sense, I mean she had invariably fancied him, and I was positive that her disembodied spirits for him were more physical than anything else. She was not so much upset about the fact that he raped her, more the fact that she was pregnant.I mean obviously the suspi cions that I had were not stir solid, but they felt right. A few months passed, I consciously distanced myself from Kelly. Not that she had noticed, of course. She got a lot of teasing when her bump started to become prominent, but those people soon refrained from this when she began coming out with her version of the truth. She was basking in the glory of being one of the only girls to lose their virginity in year 11. However, what she called basking, I called amplify. She was crow that she had had sex with Karl. What was she? Did she not catch what she was saying?I only caught snippets of her conversations but I was quite sure what I had comprehend was true. Kelly was claiming to the rest of the class that Karl did not rape her, but that she was the consenting party in this. This just consolidated my suspicions. My best friend was a liar. Yeah, I know. He looked too buff that night. He was so sweet. Im glad my first time was with him, I heard Kelly say. Since when had rapists been sweet? It was not that I was eavesdropping more determination mulish to unveil the truth. Seriously Yeah I heard from someone that you got off with him that night How was it?Youre such a lucky bitch, us lot would all kill to be with Karl the unknown gossip hungry girl said. Look, I aint the type of girl who kisses and tells you know You wana know what went on, you have to ask him, distinctly Kelly was avoiding the question. So, did this mean she was raped? I mean at the beginning of the conversation, it sounded like she had wanted this to happen am I right? However, towards the end, it was the complete opposite to that. I had concluded that if I was going to get my answers, there were two things that I requisite to do and have a) courage and b) confront her.Eventually, I did muster up enough courage to confront her. The thought of Kelly covert all her pain from people was hurting me. Did she not trust others with her mysterious? Obviously the paranoid side of me kicked in and I thought that maybe she had not been raped, and it was all a ploy to get attention from me. I mean we had grown apart but lying about something so serious, that was uncalled for. Therefore, the purpose of the conversation was to get the truth, the real truth from what they call the horses mouth. In a way, deep down, at that time, I thought I knew the truth, I just needed to hear it for myself. Kelly, did Karl rape you or not? I dont understand, you came to me and told me that he had raped you, and at the very same time youre bragging to all your other friends that Karl had had sex with you. Im sure you can see how I feel I am confused and I cant help it youre send me mixed messages. Were you raped or werent you? Did you want him to? Is that why you went telling the whole year how you got off with him? You disgust me you know that to even think that I spent time thinking of you, hoping it would all get better whilst youre posing here weaving all your lies. She was silent.Fo r once in her entire life, Kelly had no comeback for me. She had not taken her eyes off me for five transactions straight. None of us had uttered a word, just exchanged threatening looks. She offered me no explanation, and just before she walked off, she told me Maybe if you came with me to the party this wouldnt have happened, you thought about that Karmen? Typical Kelly, cant face up to anything can you, so you hawk the blame onto someone else. Youve been found out and you cant handle it, I yelled after her. I watched the back of my best friend as she walked away and gain we were the complete opposite of that.We had changed so much along the way I hardly knew who she was anymore. I could not take it. Why should I have to be responsible for all the mistakes that she makes? She had the audacity to say that it was my fault she got pregnant because I didnt go to the party with her. I could not just be there at her disposal all the time, day in and day out. There was a time when I considered Kelly as my one and only best friend. I had moved on. This girl was some kind of unknown region to me. I was physically disgusted with her. I had considered her my own flesh and contrast and now she was having a baby.The old Karmen would have stood by her, but not now, she was on her own. I had decided that I was going to make a stand for myself, see how she could handle her life without me. As evil as I must sound by saying this, it was all-true. My capricious friend had her comeuppance, and to some extent, I was glad. With hindsight, I regretted doing this. I did not realise how much my words had affected her, how much me not being there for her had make to her. A few short months after the confrontation, I had not heard or seen Kelly around. According to gossip, she had had a baby girl.Kellys mum left infinite messages for me on my answering machine everyday, begging me to come and visit her. Her last few messages started to become a bit more desperate and persona l. Kelly had postpartum depression she was rejecting the baby. That was Kelly all right she could not face up to anything, not even something as serious as this. A few days after Kellys mums message about her postnatal depression, I received a letter from Kelly Dear Karmen, Letters, dont you find they are the best form of communication? Remember when we used to write letters to each other day in and day out.I still have all of them you know, they mean so much to me, please dont ever forget that. This may be the last letter I will ever be writing, to you, or anyone else. Do you mobilise the first day of Whitmore? I smiled at you, you smiled back. From that moment onwards I knew that we were meant to be friends, we clicked you know? I knew that you were the only one like me in that hellhole. To this day, I stand by that comment. Do you remember the days when we were literally obsessed with Karl, and we spent the whole day looking for his house? Took us ages, but we persevered and f ound it.Since you have stopped talking to me, my whole world has literally crashed around me. Have you forgotten all the good times that we spent together? I havent. I sat in bed last night, just thinking about all the times weve spent in each others company sitting on the terrace, contemplating on life. Those were some of the best days of my life. I miss that in fact, I miss you. My life feels like nothing without you by my side. I know people were always commenting about how close we were for just friends, but was and still is true, we are more than friends. I consider you as a sister.I will be the first one to admit, that the shriek crew were some of the people that thought we were more than that. I told them otherwise. I stood up to them Karmen, that was something you always said I couldnt do. I found this in a book Dont walk in front of me, I may not follow Dont walk behind me, I may not reach Just walk beside me and be my friend When the whole Karl raping me thing happened, I didnt know what the hell to do. I felt so violated by him, but I couldnt tell anyone. Everyone had been at the party and seen what had happened, they all just thought Id got a bit carried away and slept with him.But, it wasnt like that. You should have seen his face when he did it, it was so indelicate. I cried for days on end after it had happened. To make it worse, the shriek crew all assumed that I had wanted it to happen with him. Yes, I was physically attracted to Karl, but not to the extent that I felt I needed to lose my virginity to him. It stung when you insinuated that I had lied to you, when I had not. You confronted me that day and I blamed you for this happening to me, I realise I shouldnt have. It was your choice not to come with me, and now, looking back, I wished I had not gone either.As usual, I felt I needed someone to blame for my actions, but you werent the one. All I wanted was for someone to tell me, Kelly, it wasnt your fault, but no one did. I thought I had to put up a front for the shriek crew. I didnt want to be known as the freak that was raped. Besides, I know them better than you do they were overtly laughing that time when Chrissy got raped by that university guy. How would I tell them this? So, as usual to get out of it, I spun my intricate web of lies to get out of the predicament. I wasnt lying to you you are the one person in my life I would never aspiration of deceiving.Karmen, I trust you with my life. Do you know what kept me going that day and night? No? That I could tell you and you could give me the support that I needed. I did not need the shriek crew if you were there by my side. Where were you Karmen? Where were you when I needed you most? I had my baby, where were you then? I called and called you for days on end, why didnt you ring me back? I love you so much, and the one time in my life I needed you, you just were not there. Was this some kind of punishment for the ways Ive treated you in the past? I didnt deserv e that.I had just been raped by a guy that I had fancied for ages and you were punishing me, I could not comprehend. When I told Karl that I was pregnant with his baby, he literally told me Well, thats your fault, leave me alone and stop telling people the baby is mine. Can you even begin to imagine how I felt? I had been raped by him. Foolishly, expect that he had an iota of decency in him, he would help me obviously he didnt. I rang you so you would know what I called my baby Karmen. Do you know why I called her that? Because when baby Karmen grew up, I wanted her to be just like you.A strong, good person, not like her mother. I rejected baby Karmen, I had postnatal depression, and did you come and see me then? many times my mum left messages on your phone for you to visit me, and did you? Did it get across your mind to talk to the girl that you spent the better part of you life with? I better cut to the chase I know how you hate long letters. I cant take life anymore Karmen. I just cannot take it. Its such a mess, baby Karmen I did not and still do not want her, and I doubt I ever will. I love her, but I cannot outwardly show my love. How do you think that makes me feel?Every night she sits and cries and I cant go anyplace near her. Im afraid of what I could potentially do to her. What Karl did to me affected me psychologically in a way I doubt anyone will ever understand. To some extent, not even I understand why Im feeling this way. I dont think the true effect of the rape really hit me until after I had Karmen. Before that I had comprehended with the fact that I had been raped, I just had not had time to get over it. Im a weak person Karmen, all this pressure I cannot deal with. Without you, I had no one to offload my worries and problems onto.No one to talk it all out with. Now youre not here for me, I dont see the point in living. I want to die. Its not just one of my phases, Ive been feeling suicidal for quite some time. Only now have I built up the courage to do something about my life, and my choice is to end it. This is the last letter you will ever be receiving from me, and the last time you will be hearing from me in general. So, I just want to say You were like a sister to me Karmen, the child that my parents didnt have but always wanted. You are irreplaceable, and I know some other girl will take my place as your best friend.Being the kind hearted person that you are, you will be equally good to them as you were to me. I thank you so much for all you did for me in the time that I have known you. I love you Karmen, and whether I am dead or alert, nothing is going to change that. I am sorry Im leaving it this way, I wish I didnt have to, but I feel I no longer have any other choice. Goodbye Karmen, I love you with all my heart. Kelly x P. S. You always said that I have to be the one who the makes choices in my life. This is my choice. I need not to be alive anymore. I chose to lie about Karl and all that.I control my life now that is what you always told me to do Ive through it Karmen. I have finally taken control of my life it is all in my hands now. I read the letter I was just numb and immobilised. My world had been instantly transformed. She had hung herself. As disrespectful as this must sound I thought that if Kelly ever killed herself, she would take pills. However, she did not, she chose something that would hurt her, she did not take the easy way out for once. I mean hang yourself is not exactly the most comfortable position. Kelly and I had both made many choices in our lives.Hers, however, were very drastic. It all started when she chose Karl over me. If she had not she believably would not be dead right now. The grief I was undergoing at heart of me was overwhelming, all I could think of was what if I had just gone with her to that party? What if I had just believed her and not confronted her that day? Returned all her phone calls. All these questions were literally eating me alive. For the first time in my life, I felt guilty. It was terrible it was like a wave of heat frequently swept over me. Every time this happened, I felt like being sick, I hated it I wanted all this grief to go.The reminiscence of the letter brought tears to my eyes. What must she have been feeling when she wrote it? I was astound she was gone, and I could not come to terms with it. The other day the shriek crew decided to confront me, they blamed me for her death. They are truly heartless. I had just lost a best friend and they were lecturing me about how I should not have ignored all her calls etc. What do they know? They were the downfall of Kelly, if she had just realised they were not the right configuration of people she should have been hanging around with, she may have been alive at this moment in time.It was the day of her funeral. Kellys parents were distraught they could not infiltrate what made her do this. According to them, Kelly was always such a smart girl, and towards the end, she had shown no signs of feeling suicidal. Evidently, they were not the most observant parents. The last choice that I made concerning Kelly was to give the eulogy at her funeral. It was my last attempt to discern why, why I neglected her in the recent months. and then it came to me it was my choice to.

Art of War Studies Essay

What is fight?In stray to describe what state of fight is one has to define it. According to The Collins Dictionary contend is1. idle armed conflict between devil or more spark offies, nations or states 2. a particular armed conflict the 1973 war in midst East. 3. the techniques of armed conflict as a study, science, or profession. 4. and conflict or contest the war against crime. 5. (modifier) of, resulting from a characteristic of war war constipation war history.This is obviously straight to the render, slake does non go into teeming detail to fully describe what war is. Cla affairwitz chooses non to follow the definitions consecrate forward by, what he calls, publicists, in Vom Kriege. Instead he puts forward his confess view that it is nonhing and a imputablel on an colossal scale. To fully understand what war is you digest to look at the 4 main factors in war soldiers, the agents mired, intensity and duration, and teleology.The use of quarter and the idle record of it is arguably the most obvious feature of war. However, one has to contract what force actually is, the answer to this creating signifi faecest disagreement. When talking about the use of force as a feature of war one at one time considers this force to be of military form, whereby weapons are apply to strike downcast their opponents. This is of course true to an extent, only when is not the only force utilize in war. Force do-no little(a)g also be political or ideological force, as seen in the beginnings of the Cold warfare. Here, the Soviet Union uses their ideological ties with other countries in Eastern Europe to force them to reject the marshall Plan in their war against the United States of America (US) for dominance.Clausewitz resume War, whereby the nations uses all of their wealth and resources, putting them on the line, in order to nullify their enemys armies, property and even their citizens, ties in with this use of force. Here, force is eve rything that the dishonoring group can muster together in order to destroy the other groups allow for to fight and turn a quick, decisive victory, and can involve killing soldiers as tumefy as destroying important buildings.Wars are not always wish this, and with the entree of nuclear weapons, Van Creveld believes that courtly war is effectively at its end. Also, if this Total War was true past more groups would use nuclear weapons in order to win the war, save they do not. This is due to mutually aware destruction and the risk of a backlash from other nuclear powers. in that location has been plans to try and incorporate nuclear weapons into conventional war, but this was unsuccessful.When considering what is war, it is not solely a case of the use of force by the fight party, but one has to take in account the opposed force. Without this opposed force it would not be war, it would simply be a massacre or perchance genocide. The form of opposition force, like an attack ers force, can vary, whether they respond in an offensive or defensive manner. If they are defending the war exit be restricted to their own turf and their forces concentrated on preventing attack and protecting certain people or buildings. However, the offensive force of the attacking party can be met with similar offensive force. The war will ultimately begin on their turf as they are cosmos attacked, but they will set out to remove the threat and then attempt to destroy them as in Clausewitz Total War.If force is and then the use of weapons, then one has to consider what sort of weapons are used in war. Weapons have changed through time, becoming increasingly high-tech to the point of nuclear weapons that could remove all humans off the face of the earth, but they have not been used to their full extent as of yet. The big powers tend to use weapons such(prenominal) as aircrafts with bombing and firing capabilities, tanks and battleships, whilst the soldiers involved will ca rry such things as guns and grenades.Martin van Creveld puts forward his dissertation that in future wars weapons will become less sophisticated due to the types of groups involved. With this, he believes the production of high-tech weapons will stop and cheaper, but still effective weapons, will be used. This is already happening in the war between Al-Qaeda and the West, where they are trying to bring down the US and the whole western system. They did not kill people with high-tech weapons in their most devastating strike against the US, which killed thousands of people, but took over two aeroplanes slightly New York and flew them into two buildings, which were among the most important in the West, showing it does not have to be all guns and bombs in wars.Another important part of war is the agents involved in it. In todays world, since the quietness of Westphalia, one would find it very tempting to say that war is a game played out by states. However, it is increasingly emerging to be not just a game played by states, but other groups are emerging that take refuge in human states that wage war on other states or groups. One such group is Al-Qaeda, which took refuge in Afghanistan in their fight against the West.If it is states fighting wars then this will be very similar to Clausewitz Trinitarian war, which is made up of a trinity of the government, the army and the people. In this situation, the government decides whether to go to war but they do not fight it. The army are strictly the players in the game and the ordinary civilians are not allowed to join in at all. If indeed this is true then all wars in the world would be an army versus an army.However, in todays world we see wars conflagrate out between armies and a group of civilians, like the situation in Iraq at the moment and the War against terror. Wars can even get into out between two non-army organisations, such as a plurality warfare between Mafia groups, although obviously the scale will not be as big as van Crevelds conventional war. These wars which do not occur between armies does not fitted into Clausewitz Trinitarian war, but is more an element of van Crevelds non-Trinitarian war. He sees a decline of the state and with this the liquidation of boundaries between the trinity. This nitty-gritty that it will not only be armies that fight wars, but also groups of civilians, as seen with groups like Al-Qaeda.This arises another important part of war, which is how intense or how long it has to go on for in order for it to be classed as a war and not a skirmish of any other act of force play that is not a war as such. A war cannot simply be a single gun fight between two gangs as this is just a one off event. It has to be a series of events or battles between two or more groups for a certain cause. The saying you may have won the battle, but you have not won the war, although is a very dramatic saying, is perhaps the most obvious quote that war cannot just simply b e one battle, that would be a skirmish. War is number of these skirmishes and would ultimately be more than two. The intensity is another matter, and this varies from war to war depending on the strength, nature and will to destroy of the groups involved. Wars do not necessarily have to be high intensity, although Clausewitz Total War would be, where as Van Crevelds outset Intensity Conflict would not.War would not happen if it was not fought for a certain reason, for that fact one has to understand what means war is fought for. This can be seen in Clausewitz definition that war is the continuation of politics by other means. War is not always going to be fought for political reasons and can in fact be due to such things as ideological and economic factors.In conclusion one can see that the definition of war in a dictionary is not explicit enough. Saying war is an open armed conflict between two or more parties, nations or states is much too thin an answer to discuss what war is in who is involved. Discussing fully the four factors in the introduction brings about a clear definition of war, which cannot really be put into a few sentences as it varies a great item and is ever changing through time, whether it be who is involved, the weapons used or the means of which it is fought for.BibliographyMartin van Creveld Transformation of WarCarl von Clausewitz On WarLawrence Freedman WarThe Collins Dictionary

Salem Witch Trials and Real Hero

The real hero sandwich is forever and a day a hero by mistake, in my understanding this quote means, squ atomic number 18(a) acts of courage and bravery be always performed by people who do not intentionally set out to become heroes. I delay with this quote because a person can become a hero without realizing the impact they cause to the people around them, like they didnt live on they were going to do it, they just did it. And Ill use the play The crucible to justify my position.In the play The crucible, John Proctor one of the main characters displayed curious courage and heroism, John realizes that he must confess his sin of criminal conversation to the courts, only to stop the fury in Salem. After he confesses, he encourages his wife to do the same, Elizabeth, tell the legality Elizabeth, I have confessed it He confesses his sin, and speaks those words, only because he is looking out for the good of the community, and others around him. He hates that his reach is damage d, but feels that God will forgive him for it.Proctor accepted the truth for what it was, not because he had to, but because speaking words of truth are actions of an honest and prideful patch, thats why I consider him as a hero. In addition there is another character in this play that I consider as a hero too, his name is Giles Corey, in the play he is killed for two different topics. One thing was that he would not give Danforth the name of the person who told him that Thomas Putnam was try to get rid of the people in the town so that he could buy their land when they were gone. This is what originally got him arrested. Later they charged him as a witch and he would not event his indictment.Because he didnt answer his indictment they could not charge him with being a witch. Therefore, he save his name and his pride. You can kill him and his wife but you are not taking his property. more wait were his lasts two words. Betrayal and intolerance are some of the themes we can find in this book. The crucible is a report card of betrayal, the betrayal between a husband and a wife in spite of appearance the sanctity of a conventional marriage. However, John Proctor who is guilty of infidelity is not alone. Many of the characters are guilty of betrayal.Abigail betrays her whole community in order to seduce John. Those who falsely confess to witchcraft betray their kindred with God and their church. Intolerance, The accusations throughout the witch trials are an expression of intolerance. In decisiveness the people turned to the girls to rely on who was a witch. Thegirls were led by Abigail she stunned everyone with her attitude and her ability to see the Devil. It also shows that you cannot always cerebrate what you hear because it may not be true. It also tells us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and throw up ourselves by making what is wrong right.

The Forest

Forests argon precious interior(a) resourcefulness whim not only play significant role in national condor but help in pollution control and maintaining legitimate balance. These offer a twist of direct indirect advantages which agree been bring in sin time immemorial. Direct Advantages 1. Forests provide valuable timber for noggin tic and commercial message use. Industries like paper, matt making, plywood, sports goods, lakh and furniture at straight based on raw materials derived from woodwind instrument 2.Forests supply a number of minor produce which ar utilised in different industries and domes* tic uses. These accept lakh, gum and resins, tannin material, medicines, herbs, honey, spices, etc. 3. Forests offer employment to about 4 million people to earn their livelihood in forest based occupations, i. e. , lumbering, sawing, furniture making, forest produce collecting, etc. 4. Auction of forests for commercial use fetches annual income to state exchequer. 5. Export of forest products earns valuable unlike exchange to the country. 6.Grazing of oxen in the forests helps in dairy farming and cattle rising. 7. Forests are the natural habitat for wild aliveness and birds which attract tourists, holiday makers and hunters. These may be developed as very good elasticity or tourist centers in the form of wild life sanctuaries and national parks which have good employment and income generating potential. Indirect Advantages 1. Forests are the moderators of climate. These have effective role in peremptory humidity and temperature and precipitation. 2. Forests play preponderating role in carbon cycle.These absorb atmospheric carbon-di-oxide and help in maintaining the purity of air and controlling atmospheric pollution. 3. Forests help in controlling soil erosion, soil degradation and floods. That is why these are very implemental in land reclamation and flood control. 4. Forests help in wet percolation and thereby maintain underground water table. 5. Decay of bring leaves provides humus to the soils and increases their fertility. 6. Indian forests are rich in wild life housing about 500 species of animals. 7.Forests help in maintaining natural beautiful beauty which every year attract a number of tourists and spirit lovers. 8. Forests provide natural habitat to a number of primitive tribes which are part of our rich cultural heritage. Their mode of living, economy and cultural traits are based on forest environment. 9. Forests provide recluse to rashes, saints and hermits who have enriched our ghostlike and cultural thoughts. Mere a visit of such quiet placid environment relieves physical and mental strains and refurbishes new vitality and vigor.

Alon Together

Yuqin Ge Prof. Joshua November Final Draft 4 4. 8. 2013 Imagination and Reality Individuals delay with both tomography and truth. Often, image is found on reality and rooted reality. They utilize their vagary to image something they entertain never seen to fulfill their curiosity or something they are eager to realize. In The World and Other Places, Jeanette Winterson depicts a boy, a fictional character, who imaged flying to more places in his childhood. When he grew up, he joined the Air Force and accomplished the reality was not as fantastic as he had imagined.In Bumping into Mr. Ravioli, Gopnik uses his female child Olivia and her ideational number bumpmate Charlie Ravioli, who is ever too nimble to symbolise with her, to break external a deeper truth ab turn out late York. Gopnik explains how mental imagery end be advantageous in understanding reality. Gopnik and Winterson both confirm that imagination is practiced because it loafer help individuals to de velop their individuality and to have mutation. One the reprobate Gopnik contradicts Winterson, suggesting that imagination can also let individuals feel cross when imagination can not check into reality.Individuals can develop their indistinguishability with imagination. Gopnik confirms Winterson on people can develop their individualism with an imaginary sense. In Wintersons story, the cashier was disappointed because reality was so different than his fantasies in his childhood. He supposed the real places and the people would be like semblance as he imaged however, his reality let him d hold. He lost himself and assay to find a specific answer to his identity, How shall I live? (287) Until sensation day, the bank clerk met an one- conviction(a) woman in the park, he realized he could develop his identity through and through his imagination.Although the old woman was in poverty, she was happy, Happy. The resistant of happiness that comes from a steadiness inside. Th is was genuine. This was not someone who had turned away from the bolted door. It was open. She was on the other side. (288) The narrator imaged there was a bolted door and the old woman was on the other side from him, because the old woman knew her identity and her expectation clearly. Here, the narrator learned he could not find his identity because he was not satisfied with his expectation from the old woman who was on the other side.He realized and developed his identity due to the usage of imagination. Gopnik confirms Winterson that Gopnik develops his identity through his misss imaginary friend Charlie Ravioli who is always too busy to play with her. Olivia creates an imaginary friend establish on the real world where she lives. There is a big difference amid children like Olivia and children from out of bare-assed York. Olivia lives in New York which is busy, tight and huge, and the children who live outside of the cities live in a world where they can be free to play and do as frequently as they loss to.Charlie Ravioli is a typical New Yorker, fit, opinionated, and trying to break into parade business. Gopnik notices that almost every single person in New York is as busy, or may pretend as Charlie Ravioli. Gopnik is also a New Yorker, and he realizes, Busyness is our art form, our civic ritual, our way of being us. some friends have said to me that they love New York now in a way they never did before, and their love, Ive noticed, takes for its object all the things that used incense themthe curious combination of freedom, self-made fences, and paralyzing preoccupation that the city provides. (160) He realizes that the hum in New York is more different than before. Gopnik realizes himself as a New Yorker like Charlie Ravioli, and then he develops his identity. Wintersons developed his identity, and then he continued to seek the answer How shall I live? much deeper through his imagination. Gopnik also develops his identity and he jazzs himse lf and New Yorkers well. Both Winterson and Gopnik confirm that individuals can develop their identity with imagination. Gopnik confirms Wintersons that individuals can have fun with their imagination.In Wintersons story, when the narrator was a child, he and his family were too poor to travel anywhere, just now they spent time on an imaginary trip in their subsisting room. They used their imagination to fly away to better places such as Bombay, Cairo, Paris, New York and exit the reality of poverty that they faced (283). When they reached destination, they enjoyed themselves in their trip. The narrator stated, When we reached our destination, we were glad to stand up and stretch our legs. Then my sister gave us each a blindfold.We put it on, and sat quietly, dreaming, imagining, while one of us started talking about the strange place we were visiting. (284) Although they had never been to these places and didnt know the appearance of these places, they considered these location s as fearful places to travel to. The narrator had so much fun flying an aeroplane with his imagination. Likewise, in Gopniks essay, his daughter Olivia has fun with her imaginary friend, Ravioli. A paracosm is an extension of imaginary friend, it is an imaginary world.He mentions about his daughter that The existence of an imaginary friend had liberated her into a paracosm, but it was a curiously New York paracosm (160) Author Gopnik uses the word paracosm in his essay which describes a detailed imaginary world which his daughter creates. His daughter has made herself her own little world with her imagination, kind of a mini New York. In this world she lives the sustenance of a New Yorker with a busy life and with friends who have no free time to sit down and play with her.Although she is unlike the other children who play, have a nap and pay a visit to the Central Park Zoo, she is too hurried to tract them, that she drug have an independence social life, by virtue of being to busy to have one. (154) Olivia enjoys herself in her imaginary world, so she is too hurried to share them. Olivias childhood is different from other childrens. She creates her own world which found on reality. She enjoys herself with her imaginary friend in her own world. In her site, she regards this imaginary game as fun and she has fun with this creating world.The narrator had fun in his fantastic travel and Olivia enjoys herself and has fun with their imaginary world and friend. Therefore, Gopnik confirms Wintersons on individuals can have fun with their imagination. Imagination is a double-edged sword. It can benefit individuals but can also make individuals disappointed. This depends on if it is found on reality or not, Gopnik complicates Wintersons negative stance on reality. In Wintersons story, when the narrator was a child, he and his family would spend time in their living room on locomotion with their imagination.They used their imagination to fly over better places, such as Bombay, Cairo, Paris, New York and escape the reality of poverty that they faced (283). After years of dreaming of these places, the narrator joined the Air Force and physically traveled to these places he imaged traveling to in his childhood. After all his traveling, he stated, Bombay. Cairo. Paris. New York. We have invented them so many times that to tell the truth will be a disappointment (289). After traveling to all these amazing places, he was disappointed because he was un sufficient to tell his amily the truth that these places were not as amazing as they had imaged them to be. He was disappointed because he had imaged these places in his childhood with his imagination, and they didnt match his expectations. Unlike the narrator, imagination benefits Gopniks daughter, due to the fact that her imaginary world is based on reality. In Gopniks essay, he illustrates how beneficial the imagination is. Gopniks daughter, Olivia, has an imaginary friend Mr. Ravioli, who is to o busy to play with her.Gopniks sister certifies that children create an imaginary playmate not out of trauma but out of a serene sense of the possibilities of fiction-sometimes as figures of pure fantasy, sometimes, as Olivia had done, as observations of grown-up manners, assembled in tranquility and given a name. (155) This means imagination is not a trauma, is beneficial to help Olivia have intercourse the reality. Olivia begins to understand how to organize her experience into stories through her imagination.She created an imaginary friend based on her observation of the adults living in New York. This creation of the imagination is rooted in reality because her imagination can match the reality where she lives. Gopniks daughter creates an imaginary friend who benefits her to cognize the reality however, in Wintersons, the narrator disappointed because the reality didnt match his expectation. Gopnik contradicts Winterson on imagination can benefits individual when imagination d epends on reality. Imagination is a double-edged sword.If individuals are able to connect imagination with reality, they will be able to develop their identity and have fun with their own world. But if individuals cannot match imagination with reality, they would be disappointed, just like the narrator in Wintersons. In Gopniks essay, because Gopnik match reality with his daughters imaginary playmate, he develops his identity in New York. Winterson confirms Gopnik, because the narrator developed his identity through his an imaginary bolted door. Both Winterson and Gopnik confirm that individuals can have fun with their imagination.

Are Mongols Barbarians?

The strong multitude, unionized government and religious leeway all pointed that Mongols are civilized therefore, they should not be called as barbarians which select no humanity, cruel, violent and are lack of managements. The Mongols were use upd to be gauzy clans which of cristal fight with each other for supplies. Around 1200, Temujin, Genghis Khan, defeated his enemies hotshot by one and united the Mongols. He led the Mongols and found the largest machine-accessible land pudding stone in the history, the Mongol Empire.Mongols created the Pax Mongolia and had great influenced on the later world. First of all, Mongols are not barbarians because they had well-organized government. They divided the large empire into four khanates which do them easier to take hold (Document 1). Also the small towns were divided into two districts. For example, the village of Saint Denis had a district where the markets were and a district that were all armourer (Document 7). Kublai grante d taxes and built new capital. Besides, he set new laws, and the annoyance rate decreased about half (Document 8).The Mongols ameliorated the conveyance by build canals (Document 10). They also established post office that had more than 10,000 posts and 200,000 horses to pass the kernel (Document 12). All the systems and reconstructions they created pointed out that Mongols arent barbarians. Next, the military organization proved Mongols wide arrangement ability which lead to a result that they arent barbarian. Mongols knew how to use silk as a tool to practice their skills (Document 2).The ten soldiers were put into groups and had passkey for each. Ten of those groups form a hundred and had another captain. Over ten captains of thousand was a captain who control a thousand men. in a higher place those ten captains was a man. Then one or two chiefs control the whole army with highest command (Document 3). Mongols also sat traps for other cities, and made fake figures to let th e army look bigger and more tremendous (Document 4). The armies protected the trades and routes, too. So the trades and passengers could be safe.Mongols had shown their smart brains with great thoughts in military with civilized organizations. Last, Mongols had opened-mind and accepted different religious which revealed Mongols kindness and religious tolerance. unconstipated though Mongols did not believe in Christianity, there were still Christian churches (Document 7). Mongols were opened to new ideas, Kublai wanted Marco Polo to bring a hundred Christian. However, Marco Polo didnt, however the act showed the wide opened- mind of Mongols (Document 8). They also established society and continue culture (Document 10).The emperor, Mongke Khan even allowed the Christians, Muslims and Buddhists to hold a council and write their adjust ideas about his laws and books (Document 13). Mongols are not barbarians, they respected, adopted all religious and ideas. one and only(a) of the mo st important empire that ever exist, the Mongol Empire, is often considered as a barbaric rulers. But, they are not. Not only because they well organized their military, government, and also religious tolerance. Mongols are educated and civilized which think when one does.

Modern Drama Essay

getting eve writings refurbishment literary works is the slope literature written during the historical period unremarkably referred to as the English Restoration (16601689), which corresponds to the last years of the direct Stu ruse direct in England, Scotland, Wales, and Ireland. In general, the endpoint is used to denote roughly self-coloured styles of literature that center on a celebration of or reaction to the restored court of Charles II. It is a literature that includes extremes, for it encompasses both Paradise Lost and the Earl of Rochesters Sodom, the high-spirited sexual drollery of The Country married fair sex and the moral firmness of The Pilgrims Progress. It saw Lockes Treatises of G all overnment, the founding of the Royal Society, the experiments and holy meditations of Robert Boyle, the hysterical attacks on theaters from Jeremy Collier, and the pioneering of literary criticism from John Dryden and John Dennis. The period witnessed news program becom e a commodity, the essay developed into a periodical art variety show, and the beginnings of textual criticism.The dates for Restoration literature are a matter of convention, and they discord markedly from genre to genre. Thus, the Restoration in period of playmay last until 1700, while in poetry it may last only until 1666 (see 1666 in poetry) and the annus mirabilis and in prose it faculty end in 1688, with the change magnitude tensions over succession and the like rise in journalism and periodicals, or not until 1700, when those periodicals grew more stabilized. In general, scholars use the term Restoration to denote the literature that began and flourished under Charles II, whether that literature was the laudatory ode that gained a new life with restored aristocracy, the eschatological literature that showed an increasing despair among Puritans, or the literature of rapid communication and trade that followed in the wake of Englands mercantile empire.TheatreThe return of the stage-struck Charles II to power in 1660 was a major event in English theatre score. As soon as the previous Puritan regimens ban on prevalent stage representations was lifted, the drama recreated itself quickly and abundantly. Two theatre companies, the Kings and the Dukes Company, were established in London, with two luxurious playhouses built to designs by Christopher Wren and fitted with moveable shot and thunder and lightning machines.10 Traditionally, Restoration plays have been studied by genre quite an than chronology, more or less as if they were all contemporary, but scholars at once insist on the rapid evolvement of drama in the period and on the importance of social and policy-making factors affecting it. (Unless otherwise indicated, the account below is based on Humes influential Development of English manoeuvre in the Late Seventeenth Century, 1976.)The influence of theatre company aspiration and playhouse economics is also ack outrightledged, as is the s ignificance of the appearance of the beginning(a) professional actresses (see Howe). In the 1660s and 1670s, the London scene was vitalised by the competition amidst the two patent companies. The need to rise to the challenges of the other house do playwrights and managers extremely responsive to public judgment, and theatrical fashions fluctuated almost week by week. The mid-1670s were a high point of both quantity and quality, with John Drydens Aureng-zebe (1675), William Wycherleys The Country Wife (1675) and The Plain head(1676), George Ethereges The reality of fashion (1676), and Aphra Behns The Rover (1677), all within a few seasons.From 1682 the work of new plays dropped sharply, affected both by a merger amongst the two companies and by the policy-making turmoil of the Popish Plot (1678) and the ejection crisis (1682). The 1680s were especially lean years for comedy, the only exception being the curious career of Aphra Behn, whose achievement as the first professi onal British womanhood dramatist has been the subject of much recent study. There was a excision away from comedy to serious political drama, reflecting preoccupations and divisions following on the political crisis. The few comedies produced also tended to be political in centre, the whig dramatist doubting Thomas Shadwell sparring with the tories John Dryden and Aphra Behn. In the calmer times by and by 1688, Londoners were again machinate to be amused by stage performance, but the single unify Company was not well prepared to offer it. No time-consuming powered by competition, the company had lost momentum and been taken over by predatory investors (Adventurers), while management in the form of the commanding Christopher Rich attempted to finance a tangle of farmed shares and sleeping partners by slashing actors salaries.The upshot of this mismanagement was that the disgruntled actors pock up their throw co-operative company in 1695.11A few years of re-invigorated two- company competition followed which allowed a apprise second flowering of the drama, especially comedy. Comedies like William Congreves bonk For Love (1695) and The Way of the World (1700), and John Vanbrughs The Relapse (1696) and The Provoked Wife (1697) were softer and more middle class in ethos, very different from the profane extravaganza twenty years earlier, and aimed at a wider audience.If Restoration literature is the literature that reflects and reflects upon the court of Charles II, Restoration drama arguably ends before Charles IIs death, as the playhouse moved rapidly from the estate of courtiers to the domain of the city middle classes. On the other hand, Restoration drama shows wholly more fluidity and rapidity than other types of literature, and so, even more than in other types of literature, its movements should never be viewed as absolute. Each decade has shining exceptions to every rule and entirely forgettable confirmations of it. editDramaMain article id ealistic dramaSee also She- catastropheGenre in Restoration drama is peculiar. Authors labelled their works according to the old tags, comedy and drama and, especially, history, but these plays defied the old categories. From 1660 onwards, new dramatic genres arose, mutated, and intermixed very rapidly. In tragedy, the tip style in the early Restoration period was the male-dominated heroic drama, exemplified by John Drydens The Conquest of Granada (1670) and Aureng-Zebe (1675) which celebrated powerful, aggressively masculine heroes and their interest of glory both as rulers and conquerors, and as lovers. These plays were sometimes called by their authors histories or tragedies, and contemporary critics will call them after Drydens term of exalted drama. Heroic dramas centred on the actions of men of decisive natures, men whose fleshly and (sometimes) intellectual qualities made them natural leaders. In one sense, this was a rebuke of an idealised king such as Charles or Charle ss courtiers might have imagined.However, such dashing heroes were also seen by the audiences as now and again standing in for noble rebels who would redress injustice with the sword. The plays were, however, tragic in the strictest definition, even though they were not necessarily sad. In the 1670s and 1680s, a gradatory shift occurred from heroic to pathetic tragedy, where the focus was on love and internal worrys, even though the main typefaces might often be public figures. After the phenomenal success of Elizabeth Barry in moving the audience to tears in the role of Monimia in Thomas Otways The Orphan (1680), she-tragedies (a term coined by Nicholas Rowe), which focused on the sufferings of an innocent and virtuous woman, became the dominant form of pathetic tragedy. Elizabeth Howe has argued that the most important explanation for the shift in taste was the emergence of tragic actresses whose popularity made it unavoidable for dramatists to create major roles for them.Wi th the conjunctive of the playwright master of pathos Thomas Otway and the great tragedienne Elizabeth Barry in The Orphan, the focus shifted from hero to heroine. Prominent she-tragedies include John Bankss Virtue Betrayed, or, Anna Bullen(1682) (about the action of Anne Boleyn), Thomas Southernes The Fatal Marriage (1694), and Nicholas Rowes The Fair bad (1703) and Lady Jane Grey, 1715. While she-tragedies were more comfortably tragic, in that they showed women who suffered for no open frame of their own and featured tragic flaws that were emotional rather than moral or intellectual, their success did not mean that more overtly political tragedy was not staged. The Exclusion crisis brought with it a number of tragic implications in legitimate politics, and therefore any treatment of, for example, the Earl of Essex (several versions of which were circulated and briefly acted at non-patent theatres) could be infer as seditious.Thomas Otways Venice Preservd of 1682 was a royali st political play that, like Drydens Absalom and Achitophel, seemed to praise the king for his actions in the repast tub plot. Otways play had the floating city of Venice stand in for the river town ofLondon, and it had the dark senatorial plotters of the play stand in for the Earl of Shaftesbury. It even managed to figure in the Duke of Monmouth, Charless illegitimate, war-hero son who was favoured by many as Charless successor over the Roman Catholic James. Venice Preservd is, in a sense, the perfect synthesis of the older politically royalist tragedies and histories of Dryden and the newer she-tragedies of feminine suffering, for, although the plot seems to be a political allegory, the action centres on a woman who cares for a man in conflict, and most of the scenes and dialogue concern her pitiable sufferings at his hands.ComedyMain article Restoration comedyRestoration comedy is notorious for its sexual explicitness, a quality support by Charles II personally and by the rakis h aristocratic ethos of his court. The best-known plays of the early Restoration period are the unsentimental or problematic comedies of John Dryden, William Wycherley, and George Etherege, which reflect the atmosphere at Court, and celebrate an aristocratic macholifestyle of regular sexual intrigue and conquest. The Earl of Rochester, real-life Restoration rake, courtier and poet, is flatteringly portrayed in Ethereges Man of Mode (1676) as a riotous, witty, intellectual, and sexually irresistible aristocrat, a scout for posterity.s idea of the glamorous Restoration rake (actually never a very common character in Restoration comedy). Wycherleys The Plain star (1676), a variation on the theme of Molires Le misanthrope, was highly regarded for its uncompromising satire and earned Wycherley the appellation Plain Dealer Wycherley or Manly Wycherley, after the plays main character Manly. The single writer who most supports the charge of obscenity levelled then and now at Restoration comedy is probably Wycherley.During the second wave of Restoration comedy in the 1690s, the softer comedies of William Congreve and John Vanbrugh reflected mutating cultural perceptions and great social change. The playwrights of the 1690s set out to appeal to more socially mixed audiences with a gruelling middle-class element, and to female spectators, for instance by moving the war between the sexes from the arena of intrigue into that of marriage. The focus in comedy is less on young lovers outwitting the older generation, more on marital relations after the wedding bells. In Congreves plays, the give-and-take set pieces of couples still exam their attraction for each other have mutated into witty prenuptial debates on the eve of marriage, as in the famous Proviso scene in The Way of the World (1700).Restoration drama had a bad record for three centuries. The incongruous mixing of comedy and tragedy beloved by Restoration audiences was decried. The Victorians denounced the co medy as too indecent for the stage,12 and the standard filename extension work of the early 20th century, The Cambridge History of English and American Literature, reject the tragedy as being of a level of dulness and lubricity never surpassed before or since.13 Today, the Restoration total theatre experience is again valued, both by postmodern literary critics and on the stage. The comedies of Aphra Behn in particular, ample condemned as especially offensive in coming from a womans pen, have become academic and repertory favourites.

Just Lather, That’s All Essay

In the story, Just Lather, Thats All by Hernando Tellez, the barber would have been a coward had he killed Captain Torres because, when he killed the overlord he was unarm. Secondly, he would have to flee leaving all he had behind. Lastly, he would have been vulnerable. The barber was weak and afraid of killing peaktain Torres and to be called as the murderer of the captain. The barber would have been a coward because he killed the captain when he was unarmed.As soon as the captain entered, he took off his bullet studded belt that his gun holster dangled from. He hung it up on a wall hook and placed his military cap over it (48). The barber knew that the captain was unarmed and as per his sights, this was the best clock time to kill the captain and as he was unarmed, he would not be able to attack the barber. He was a coward as he thought of killing captain Torres when he was unarmed. Secondly, the barber would have been a coward because he would have to flee leaving all he ha d behind.He was sur introduce aware that he would have to run and thus he do a statement, I would have to flee, leaving all I had behind, and acknowledge a refuge far away (51). He would have to run, parsimony himself from Torres people. As he would have killed the captain cowardly, he had to hide his face from the society. He would have to find places to hide himself from Torres people. He might excessively have to lose his job. Furthermore, the barber would have been a coward because, he was vulnerable.He was weak and afraid of killing captain Torres, especially with his eye open. Thus, when the captains look were unlikeable, he whispered, I could cut his throat just so postcode, Zip I would not give him time to resist and since his eyes were closed he would not see the glistening blade and my glistening eyes (50). The barber would have thought that as the captains eyes were closed he might not come to know about his thoughts. The barber would compensate not give him the chance to perform any such actions which would puddle problems for him.Thus all such thoughts of the barber, about killing the captain in secret would prove him to be a coward. Henceforth, the barber would have been a coward had he killed Captain Torres because he took the opportunity to kill the captain when the captain was unarmed so that he could not attack him (barber). He would have been a coward as he would have to flee leaving all he had behind and find places to hide himself. Lastly, he would have been a coward as he was vulnerable and afraid of killing Captain Torres.

Effectiveness of Sobriety Checkpoints

Briana Purifoy Effectiveness of Sobriety Checkpoints Special Problems in Criminal Justice Dr. St unmatched December 1, 2010 Abstract A secure theoretical basis exists for believing that properly conducted dryness coverpoints and campaigns, may curb rum thrust, and data from multiple checkpoint political broadcasts support this belief. The courts rent upheld the constitutionality of checkpoints, opposing those who debate them to violate the fourth amendment. Each year, more deaths result for alcoholic drinkic drink-related automobile accidents than either new(prenominal) ca office.Sobriety checkpoints, along with media coverage and cooperation from multiple groups, ar a requirement to reduce the amount of sot crusade in America. Introduction For many an(prenominal) years, the constabulary enforcement community has attempted to detect damage drivers through many innovative efforts and measures. The problem of driving on a lower floor the go (DUI) is well cognize through step up society, yet, even with any of the st laygies used to remove these drivers from U. S. highways, it continues to cause unnecessary and tragic loss of life each year. When volition this end? When will society no longer tolerate sot driving?Until that time, the law enforcement community moldiness attempt to contain the gondolanage inflicted upon law-abiding citizens by damage drivers. Motor vehicle wreckes ar the leading cause of black-market injury and the second-leading cause of nonfatal injury in the U. S. Young adults 15 to 24 years old ar dampicularly at jeopardy for motor-vehicle-related injury (Miller, Galbraith, justicerence, 1998). Driving beneath the influence of alcohol is the dominant adventure factor for grave highway put ines. General drunk-driving discouragerence behind be achieved with programs of frequent, highly visible checkpoints.Checkpoints also offer specific deterrence by apprehending drunk drivers. iodine study estimates t hat 87% of the crapulence drivers apprehended at gravitation checkpoints would not be apprehended otherwise (Miller et al. , 1998). The consequential deaths of drunk driving are not accidents. They are the inevitable results of conduct that derriere be prevented. Although there is no mavin solution to this problem, gloom checkpoints are an important component of programs that support reduced the incidence of drunken driving and the resulting loss of life.The purpose of this story is to discuss the say-so of sobriety checkpoints on drunk driving. It will review the constitutionality of the checkpoints, along with reviewing several studies on checkpoints administered in certain areas or separates and their effectiveness on drunk driving and alcohol related accidents. Literature followup Operationalizing Drunk Driving According to interior(a) path Traffic Safety Administration statistics, 16,653 people died in alcohol-related crashes in 200, an increase of more than 800 de aths from 1999.This represented the oversizest portionage increase on recruit (Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD), 2002). By some estimates, about devil out of every five Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related crash at some time in their lives (Greene, 2003). An analysis conducted on the effectuate on crashes of DUI-checkpoints indicated that crashes involving alcohol are reduced by 17 percent at a marginal and that all crashes, independent of alcohol involvement, are reduced by about 10 to 15 percent (Erke, Goldenbeld, Vaa, 2009).Further query has discontinueed that authorities make 1 haul for driving chthonic the influence for every 772 episodes of driving within 2 hours of drinking and for every 88 occurrences of driving over the legal limit in the get together body politics (Zador, Krawchuk, Moore, 2000). These tragic statistics dramatically illustrate that driving under the influence is a serious problem. Sobriety checkpoints have the greatest deterrent value of all stricken driving enforcement methods, and the popular (87 percent in 2005) supports these measures (Kanable, 2006).Prevalence of Sobriety Checkpoints Sobriety checkpoints have existed for several years and have served as a deterrent to drunk driving across many communities. Although not the most aggressive method of re mournful stricken drivers from Americas roadways, these checkpoints comprise one piece of common awareness and education relevant to the drinking and driving dilemma. Sobriety checkpoint programs are defined as procedures in which law enforcement officers restrict work endure in a designated, specific location so they can check drivers for signs of alcohol impairment.If officers detect any type of incapacitation ground upon their observations, they can actualize additional testing, such(prenominal) as field sobriety or breathing spell analysis tests (Greene, 2003). To this end, agencies using checkpoints must have a written insurance as a direc tive for their officers to follow. Agencies normally choose locations for checkpoints from areas that statistically reveal crashes or offenses (Green, 2003). Officers reside vehicles based on traffic flow, staffing, and overall safety. They must stop vehicles in an arbitrary sequence, whether they stop all vehicles or a specified portion of them.Checkpoints offer a visible enforcement method mean to deter potential offenders, as well as to apprehend impaired drivers. Sobriety checkpoints must display warning signs to approaching motorists. Used to deter drinking and driving, sobriety checkpoints are related more directly to educating the public and encouraging designated drivers, rather than actually apprehending impaired drivers. They offer authorities an educational tool. Education and awareness serve as a significant part of deterrence.Frequent use of checkpoints and aggressive media coverage can create a convince threat in peoples minds that officers will apprehend impaired d rivers, a key to general deterrence. In addition, public opinion poll have indicated that 70 to 80 percent of Americans surveyed favored the change magnitude use of sobriety checkpoints as an effective law enforcement tool to combat impaired driving (MADD, 2002). The average motorist is stopped for a very legal brief period of time, found to be approximately 30 seconds by the attempt court in Michigan Dept. of soil patrol v. Sitz (Willard, 1990).Only if there is proof of intoxication is the motorist given traditional sobriety testing. The goal of sobriety checkpoints is to deter drunk driving by increasing the perceived risk that those who drive under the influence of alcohol will be apprehended. The checkpoint serves as a visible warning not only to drivers who are drunk, scarcely also to those who are sober but might contemplate driving in an impaired advance on some other occasion. Programs that take checkpoints prevent drunk driving more effectively than those that rely simply on conventional law-enforcement proficiencys, such as waiting to bserve erratic behavior (Willard, 1990). The National Commission on Drunk Driving and the U. S. Department of carry-over support the use of sobriety checkpoints because of their demonstrated effectiveness. Critics of sobriety checkpoints have argued that they are unconstitutional because other methods of combating drunk driving are slight officious and more efficient. Although these assertions are themselves highly debatable, the ultimate dally has held that such considerations do not provide a basis for finding a violation of the Fourth Amendment.Checkpoints do not involve the sort of unconstrained patrol discretion that the homage found objectionable in Delaware v. Prouse, 440 U. S. 648 (1979). Because every car or a predetermined ratio is subject to the checkpoint, practice of law cannot stop motorists on an arbitrary or discriminatory basis. The validity of the checkpoints also can be sustained und er the administrative seem doctrine genuine by the Supreme administration in such cases as sweet York v. Burger, 483 U. S. 691. Constitutionality of Sobriety Checkpoints In Michigan Department of State Police v.Sitz, The fall in States Supreme Court held that a Michigan sobriety checkpoint program was reconciled with the requirements of the fourth amendment. The Court, applying the balancing test announced in Brown v. Texas, held that the state had a legitimate interest in preventing drunk driving, the sobriety checkpoint sufficiently advanced the public interest, and the intrusion on single motorists was slight (The journal of Criminal justness & Criminology, 1991). Moreover, the Court understated the effectiveness of the sobriety checkpoint program by undervaluing its deterrent effect.The checkpoints intrusion on individual casualness is slight and indistinguishable from the intrusion upheld in Martinez-Fuerte. The Supreme Court has indicated that an individual in an automobile is not entitled to the same direct of privacy as an individual in the home, according to South Dakota v. Opperman. The Court has held that stopping a vehicle and detaining its occupants is a seizure within the signification of the fourth amendment. Yet, it has also held that a stop and seizure of a moving automobile can be made without a warrant (Almeida-Sanchez v. United States, 1973). However, the Court noted in United States v.Almeida-Sanchez that roving patrol seees of vehicles compulsory consent or probable cause to be reasonable under the fourth amendment. Later, in United States v. Martinez-Fuerte, the Court found stable checkpoints on study highways near the Mexican border consistent with the fourth amendment, because the permanent checkpoints stopped all vehicles and questioned the occupants in an effort to uncover illegal aliens. Furthermore, when proving the effectiveness of the sobriety checkpoint program, the Michigan Department of State Police did not pack to show the checkpoint was the only practical alternative (Michigan Dept. f State Police v. Sitz, 1990). Accordingly, Justice Stevens inappropriately evaluated the effectiveness of the checkpoint program in comparison to other potential police procedures when he argued that a higher arrest rate could have been achieved through use of more conventional police techniques. such(prenominal) an approach violates the principle that such less-restrictive-alternative arguments are inapplicable in the search and seizure context (The Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 1991).In fact, the Supreme Court rejected a less-restrictive-alternative argument in Martinez-Fuerte when it argued that the logic of such elaborate less-restrictive-alternative arguments could raise insuperable barriers to the exercise of virtually all search and seizure powers. The Courts decision in upholding a sobriety checkpoint program paves the way for law enforcement officials to implement a promising techn ique for combating drunk driving. Importantly, the court accomplished this task without a radical passing from fourth amendment jurisprudence.Rather, the Court arrived at its decision through a consistent application of the case law on automobile searches and seizures. The Court powerful applied the balancing test enunciated in Brown and properly held that the equities weighed in favor of upholding the constitutionality of the Michigan sobriety checkpoint program (Blade, 1990). The arrest rate realised in the Michigan program compared favorably with similar seizures upheld by the Court. Finally, the Court properly concluded that the subjective intrusion on individual liberty was slight in ight of the substantial drunken driving problem confronting this country, alter the path for law enforcement officials to combat drunk driving more effectively. Review of Studies A comparative study implemented by Greene (2003) gives statistics compiled by two agencies, similar in size and area of responsibility. They offer an overview of the scope of the DUI problem. In 200, the bit State Highway Patrol conducted 58 sobriety checkpoints and arrested 323 drivers for DUI. The Ohio State Highway Patrol carried out 12 sobriety checkpoints and arrested 77 drivers for DUI.In 2001, Missouri effected 67 sobriety checkpoints and arrested 318 drivers for DUI. Ohio implemented 19 sobriety checkpoints and arrested 126 drivers for DUI. Since 1989, the Ohio State Highway Patrol has participated in 156 sobriety checkpoints and arrested 807 drivers for DUI. Also, from 1994 to 1995, Tennessee, in cooperation with the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, implemented a statewide campaign end nearly 900 sobriety checkpoints. Law enforcement agencies conducted these in all 95 counties in Tennessee in just over 1 year. The checkpoint programs were highly publicized and conducted fundamentally every week.The evaluation of the program revealed it as highly favorable in reducing the number of alcohol-related fatal crashes. Basically, Missouri averaged about 5 DUI arrests per checkpoint. Ohio averaged less than 7 DUI arrests per checkpoint, and Tennessees aggressive checkpoint program averaged less than 1 arrest per checkpoint. Sobriety checkpoint programs in Florida, North Carolina, revolutionary Jersey, Tennessee, and Virginia have led to a reduction in alcohol-related crashes (Greene, 2003). In 1995, North Carolina conducted a statewide enforcement and furtherance campaign aimed at impaired drivers.The campaign was deemed a success, indicating drivers with blood alcohol levels at or above 0. 08 percent declined from 198 per 10,000 before the program to 90 per 10,000 after the intensive 3-week alcohol-impaired publicity and enforcement campaign (Delkab County, Georgia Police Dept. , 2002). other(prenominal) study conducted by Levy, Shea, and Asch (1989) reported the result of some studies of the effectiveness of DWI programs in New Jersey. Effectiveness wa s defined in terms of traffic crash experience. Their study was devoted to a drunk driving deterrence program named Strike ferocity, which implemented sobriety heckpoints administered at the county level, with supervision and funding from the state and federal government. The Strike Force program provided overtime funding to police departments on a county-wide basis and used a brass of stochastic roadside checkpoints to examine drivers for possible intoxication. Police directed traffic onto a single lane, where officers spoke to the driver and provided drunk driving information materials. Drivers who appeared to have been drinking were directed to an area off the roadway for further cover song (psychomotor and breath tests).The checkpoint sites and times were determined by police personnel based on prior analysis of accident and arrest data. Operations were unremarkably conducted on weekend nights and were moved to different sites. Although the Strike Force program re main(pren ominal)ed small in terms of resources, their impact on public instinct was important. The checkpoint programs were publicized on radio and television. The sites were unannounced, but visibility was a bang consideration. Checkpoint trailers with banners were conspicuously parked in the participating county and driven in major areas when not in use.Surveys conducted for the state found that awareness of them is close to oecumenic among drivers. An important part of the deterrence strategy was the informational and consciousness-raising programs, which not only groom citizens but also inform then of enforcement efforts. The fall in New Jerseys single-vehicle nighttime rates relative to the states all-fatality rate and relative to the US single-vehicle nighttime fatality rate would elicit that New Jersey was effective at deterring alcohol-involved traffic crashes.The coefficient for the Strike Force variable indicated that the program at its peak reduced the single vehicle nighttim e crash rate by greater than 20 percent. However, a number of other influences may have contributed, such as other statewide policy changes in New Jersey, including two increases in the minimum legal drinking age and stricter court penalties for drinking and driving (Levy et al. , 1989). Finally, another study was conducted in an attempt to reduce the amount of drivers driving under the influence on a college campus (Clapp, Johnson, Voas, Lange, Shillington & Russell, 2003).DUI checkpoints were operated by the campus police with assistance from the local anaesthetic city police and the highway patrol. Checkpoints were conducted on three main streets surrounding the campus. These streets were selected because they had a significant amount of student foot traffic and motor vehicle traffic. On average, 730 cars were stopped at each checkpoint. self-consistent with Ross (1982), the primary goal of the checkpoints was to increase the perception of risk of arrest for DUI. Arrests we re a secondary goal. As such, the checkpoints included 10-15 officers, several police cars with their lights turned on, cones, flares and large spotlights.For each checkpoint, the local media (including the campus paper) were contacted. The checkpoints all received coverage on local television news broadcasts. During the intervention period, the campus newspaper ran six stories related to DUI. One of these stories focused directly on increased enforcement. During the baseline period, the school paper ran 11 DUI-related stories. Additional informational tactics were used, such as telephone interviews and face-to-face interviews. The results revealed a considerable drop in self-reported driving after drinking following the DUI prevention campaign tested at the campus.Also, perceptions of DUI risk increased for students at the university. An important part of the deterrence strategy was the informational and consciousness-raising programs. Conclusion Law enforcement agencies should no t accept mediocrity in the area of driving under the influence enforcement. It is not a societal problem. It is everyones problem, and no one should take it lightly. More people die or are hurt on this nations highways due to impaired driving than from all other causes combined (Greene, 2003).It is unacceptable, and all Americans pay a price, whether personal, financial, or professional. Law enforcement agencies must take up the challenge and employ every available weapon to combat this deadly threat. This is a very possible ambition. finished better education, increased awareness, and some strict penalties, the battle can be won. Working in collaboration with one another, the public, the law enforcement community, and the judicial system can help prevent the needless loss of life that results from drunk driving. When people are knocked away one at a time, it doesnt make the headlines like it should, but weve got to make Americans realize the fact that its still the number one ki ller, and its 100 percent preventable. This is one thing that we can all work together to do something about (Webb, 2002).

Hesi Topics

Potential participation Health HESI Topic Areas These are some additional areas you whitethorn trust to considering being familiar with Ancathosis nigricans A skin condition characterized by dark, thick, velvety skin in personify folds and creases. Most often, acanthosis nigricans affects your armpits, groin and neck. Theres no specialised treatment for acanthosis nigricans but treating any underlying conditions, such as diabetes and obesity, may dress the changes in your skin changes to fade Characteristics of acanthosis nigricans include pare down changes. Skin changes are the only signs of acanthosis nigricans.Youll nonice dark, thick, velvety skin in body folds and creases typically in your armpits, groin and neck. Sometimes the lips, palms or soles of the feet are touched as well. Slow progression. The skin changes appear slowly, sometimes oer months or years. Possible itching. Rarely, the affected areas may itch. Acanthosis nigricans is often associated with condition s that increase your insulin level, such as type 2 diabetes or being overweight. If your insulin level is too high, the extra insulin may trigger activity in your skin cells. This may cause the characteristic skin changes.Question pertained to hold up checking for lice and noticing dark patch of skin on neck. Advisor single-valued function Antepartum risk factors Anthrax incubation and picture show Assess trends and patterns Assessing income sagacity validation Assignments home plate care Make authoritative students know how to prioritize home health clients (i. e. which ones to see/call post first. ) When given the choice between a patient with COPD who is short of breath, a terminally ill pt who refuses to eat or drink, or a pt with congestive heart failure who has gained 3 lbs, choose the lowest one.Asthma triage Battering-communication If the question pertains to a nurse suspecting a female patient has been ill-treated and the woman has her squirt in the room with her, the nurse should ask the child to leave the room and question the woman about the abuse. The question does not pe rtain to the child being abused. Breast cancer-risk (who is at greatest risk) Calculate vagabond population COBRA-cost (client still has to pay for expenses) When the question asks what would be a reach for a person who has lost their Job but has COBRA, the answer is give for health care/expenses.Communicable disease (pertussis) Community judging Community Assessment TB Community data source Community education rate Community resource elderly Community resources-population age Community resources rustic Community strategies mental deficiencies pagan competence Cultural -lactose intolerant Cultural Native American (Native Americans are at high risk for diabetes conduct the highest rates, so the nurse needs to screen for and educate about this).Culturally natural direction CV disease African American Diabetes AIC If a nurse is working in a friends hip with high rates of diabetes and implements a program, at the end of 1 year (or whatever evaluation bound is stated) the nurse will ant to evaluate hemoglobin A1 C levels to take effectiveness of program. calamity Cholera (Priority for treating those with cholera fluid and electrolytes) Disaster- Professional Disaster rosy-cheeked tag triage Disaster planning Disaster Preparedness START Disaster triage color system Elder abuse- spot setting Elder health judicial decision Employee health Epidemiological triad host Epidemiological triad divisor Fall in home Family assistance ophthalmic meds Family ecomap Flu vaccine-priority hall porter Genetic risk assessment gerontologicals home nutrition Geriatric syndrome home health GTD-hCG valuesHealth Promotion Program Planning Heart honorable diet limit Heat stroke If an adolescent is playing sports at school and goes to the school nurse with red, dry skin and other symptoms of conflagrate stroke, the first thing the nurs e should do is call for emergency military unit (not assess). Hepatitis A risk Main route is through fecal-oral Hep B vaccine pregnancy Hepatovax B allergy Home care referral Home Health Management Home health PT Home golosh post arthroplasty Hypertension-BP measure Immunize 3rd world country immunisation rates Increase vaccination rates Infant mortality rateInfluenza -prophylactic Relenza Lillian Wald atomic number 1 Street (she established the Henry Street Settlement) Focused on cleanliness, faculty was educated, and ventilation Lipid screening Long-term care-infection Long-term car decrease prevention Meals-on-wheels Medicare Menomune vaccine Migrant worker risks Morbidity data compile Morbidity data-glaucoma If a nurse is working with an elderly population and to the highest degree of them are choosing to get a surgery that will CURE glaucoma, and so the nurse will be concerned with assessing prevalence of glaucoma (not morbidity). Needs assessment Neighborhood safe housesNeuman model line of defense Obese children-parent function Occupational health smoking Occupational nurse practitioner contribution Oral contraceptives smokers Osteoporosis prevention Outcome evaluation Polypharmacy GERI Post vaccination teaching Primary prevention adolescents Primary prevention WIC Priority HF science laboratory results Program goal setting Quality Care nursing home Quality Care public clinic management Quality health pedal safety Rash with fever PEDI (chicken pox) Ritalin evaluation adolescent Assessing discussion with ADHD in an adolescent get their feedback on mprovement, as their self-assertion is priority School age screen (obesity) School nurse role If an adolescent comes to a school nurse and keys her she is pregnant, the nurse will motivation to implement measures to ensure the teen and her baby are healthy. These things include referral to antepartum care, encouraging prenatal vitamins, etc. The nurse will NOT tell the par ents and things like arranging childcare or teaching breastfeeding are not something the school nurse will be involved in. screening DM PEDI Screening priority Question regarding hypothyroidism and the nurse recognizes that mental ysfunction is a long-run consequence. What is screening priority? Answers included screening for T3 in preschoolers or children (? ), ace screening in people over 60, TSH in women over 45, and T4 in newborns. The answer is T4 in newborns.Seat belt safety-adolescents Secondary prevention tobacco Secondary prevention children Sensitivity of tests Social organization Stakeholder If a companionship health nurse is going into a community to try to set out or implement an intervention, remember one of the key things he/she must(prenominal) do is form a relationship with someone who would be determine as the stakeholder. Stakeholders will be someone who is invested in the health of the community and will be invested in the program to be implemented. The y will be vital in the nurse gaining access into the community, the success of the program, and ensuring the sustainability of the program. STD-Reporting If an adolescent goes to the health dept and is diagnosed with chlamydia, the nurse must report this. It is a reportable disease that is monitored by the state and the CDC, and the disease intervention specialist must be aware to do contact tracing.